1. Applying the Concepts -This new feature has been added to each section and gives students an opportunity to think about the concepts and apply them to hypothetical examples and scenarios similar to those found in newspapers，magazines，and news programs.
2. More Examples and Exercises！ - Over 200 new exercises have been added, most using real data，and many questions now incorporate thought-provoking questions requiring students to interpret their results.
3. Fresh New Look -The text layout and color palette have been redesigned to help increase the readability and ease of use by students and instructors.
4. The text has been updated throughout with current data and statistics including new Unusual Stats and Interesting Facts；new Speaking of Statistics；new Critical Thinking Challenges；new Statistics Today openers；new worked examples；new Data Analysis Exercises；and new Data Sets.
目 錄
Preface
1：The Nature of Probability and Statistics
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
1.3 Variables and Types of Data
1.4 Data Collection and Sampling Techniques
1.5 Observational and Experimental Studies
1.6 Uses and Misuses of Statistics
1.7 Computers and Calculators
1.8 Summary
2：Frequency Distributions and Graphs
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Organizing Data
2.3 Histograms, Frequency Polygons，and Ogives
2.4 Other Types of Graphs
2.5 Paired Data and Scatter Plots Ana
2.6 Summary
3： Data Description
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Measures of Central Tendency
3.3 Measures of Variation
3.4 Measures of Position
3.5 Exploratory Data Analysis
3.6 Summary
4：Probability and Counting Rules
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Sample Spaces and Probability
4.3 The Addition Rules for Probability
4.4 The Multiplication Rules and Conditional Probability
4.5 Counting Rules
4.6 Probability and Counting Rules
4.7 Summary
5：Discrete Probability Distributions
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Probability Distributions
5.3 Mean，Variance，Standard Deviation，and Expectation
5.4 The Binomial Distribution
5.5 Summary
6：The Normal Distribution
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Properties of the Normal Distribution
6.3 The Standard Normal Distribution
6.4 Applications of the Normal Distribution
6.5 The Central Limit Theorem
6.6 The Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution
6.7 Summary
7：Confidence Intervals and Sample Size
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Confidence Intervals for the Mean (Sigma Known or n > 30) and Sample Size
7.3 Confidence Intervals for the Mean (Sigma Unknown and n < 30)
7.4 Confidence Intervals and Sample Size for Proportions
7.5 Confidence Intervals for Variances and Standard Deviations
7.6 Summary
8：Hypothesis Testing
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Steps in Hypothesis Testing – Traditional Method
8.3 z Test for a Mean
8.4 t Test for a Mean
8.5 z Test for a Proportion
8.6 Chi-Square Test for a Variance or Standard Deviation
8.7 Additional Topics Regarding Hypothesis Testing
8.8 Summary
9：Testing the Difference Between Two Means, Two Variances, and Two Proportions
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Testing the Difference Between Two Means: Large Samples
9.3 Testing the Difference Between Two Variances
9.4 Testing the Difference Between Two Means: Small Independent Samples
9.5 Testing the Difference Between Two Means: Small Dependent Samples
9.6 Testing the Difference Between Two Proportions
9.7 Summary
10：Correlation and Regression
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Correlation
10.3 Regression
10.4 Coefficient of Determination and Standard Error of the Estimate
10.5 Summary
11：Chi-Square and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Test for Goodness of Fit
11.3 Tests Using Contingency Tables
11.4 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
11.5 Summary
Appendix A： Algebra Review
Appendix B-1：Writing the Research Report
Appendix B-2：Alternate Approach to the Standard Normal Distribution
Appendix C：Tables
Appendix D：Data Bank
Appendix E：Glossary
Appendix F：Bibliography
Appendix G：Photo Credits
Appendix H：ＬSelected Answers
