前言
大家一聽到英國,會聯想到什麼呢?英國王室、大笨鐘、炸魚薯條??腦中應該會浮現很多想法吧?其中可能有不少人也會想到「英式英語」獨特的口音和拼字。
我因為工作的關係,曾經在倫敦待了六年左右。那段經歷讓我深深被英式英語的趣味和獨特所吸引。當時,我在日常生活中不時觀察英國人的對話、用詞,著手收集起各式各樣英式英語特有的說法,本書就是將它們集結分類後的成果。
本書收錄句子的標準是「母語人士常用,但外國人不太熟悉的說法」以及「從其他語言的思維無法輕易理解,屬於英國人特有的表達方式」。句子的右上角如果有英國國旗的標誌,表示這個說法格外具有英國特色,很可能只有英國人才會這麼說。
書中的句子都經過我的英國朋友Ann的審訂,而我實際運用這些說法與英國人交談時,對話起來就像母語人士之間聊天那樣自然流暢,甚至會被對方稱讚「你竟然知道個說法!」,進而拉近了雙方的距離。所以我對本書的內容很有信心,一定要將這些說法推薦給大家。
書中所有句子都簡短好記,而且都是日常生活中能夠使用的內容,大部分的句子還有加上相關說明,幫助大家理解「這句話適合用在什麼情境」、「還有什麼類似的說法」,或是補充一些和這句話有關的文化小知識。希望大家能透過這本書,輕鬆地體會到英式英語的趣味!
審訂者後記
As with every country’s people, the British are aware that they possess both positive and negative traits. Both history and geography have helped shape their self-image. Notably you may recall that the Industrial Revolution featured heavily in the London 2012 Olympics Opening Ceremony. In terms of geography, being an island means that many British people fundamentally see themselves as different from the rest of Europe, with an “island mentality” that no doubt contributed to the Brexit vote in 2016.
像其他國家的人民一樣,英國人很清楚自己有優點,也有缺點。歷史與地理都形塑了他們的模樣。值得注意的是,大家可能還記得2012 年倫敦奧運的開幕式中,是以工業革命作為重要的主題。從地理的角度來看,作為一個島國,意味著許多英國人本質上認為自己有別於歐洲其他國家,這種「島國心態」無疑也對2016 年的脫歐公投造成一定的影響。
Although Britain has becoming much more culturally diverse over the past century, the British still perceive themselves as having certain characteristics that are part of their national identity. Maybe top of the list is their self-deprecating humour, of which they are rather proud. They laugh at themselves, using sarcasm and irony with a deadpan delivery that is sometimes mistaken as being serious by people from other nations.
儘管在過去的一個世紀中,英國的文化已經變得更加多元,但英國人仍認為自己具備某些特徵,而這些特徵是國家認同的一部分。排在第一名的應該就是他們引以為傲的自嘲型幽默。他們會嘲笑自己,而且是面無表情地冷嘲熱諷,這種風格有時甚至會讓其他國家的人誤以為他們是認真的。
They are also very proud of their music—of its history and worldwide popularity. In addition, they have great pride in their sporting performance and are always ready to support the underdog with immense passion. However, both of these perceived sources of pride can lead to an inflated view of our own importance in the world.
他們也對自己的音樂感到非常自豪,不僅因為歷史悠久,也因為廣受全球歡迎。此外,他們對體育賽事也充滿熱情,總是全力支持那些不被看好的一方。然而,這兩件值得驕傲的事,有時也可能導致他們對於自己在世界上的重要性過度自信。
A famous national characteristic that is still, for the most part, in evidence is politeness, especially to strangers. The British see themselves as socially aware, saying thank you and sorry almost as a matter of habit. Another way the British naturally promote social interaction with strangers is through the art of small talk, predominantly about the weather but in general about any current shared experience. However, woe betide anyone who jumps the queue at a supermarket or bus stop! That is seen a big social faux pas.
英國人是出了名的有禮貌,至今普遍依然如此,尤其是對陌生人。他們認為自己深諳社交禮節,幾乎把「謝謝」和「對不起」隨時掛在嘴邊。另一個英國人自然而然與陌生人互動的方式就是「閒聊的藝術」,主要是聊天氣,但也可能會聊任何當下的共同經驗。不過,如果有人在超市或公車站插隊,那他就糟糕了!這在英國會被視為極度失禮的行為。
Overwhelmingly the British recognise the importance of speaking English as part of their national identity & sense of belonging. This book provides a valuable gateway into British culture. Enjoy!
絕大多數的英國人都認為,說英語事關身分認同和歸屬感。本書提供了一條了解英國文化的寶貴途徑。希望大家樂在其中!
——英文審訂 Ann Jennings